![]() ![]() Moreover, leiomyomas have also been associated with infertility and recurrent abortion ( Olive and Pritts, 2010). The common symptoms associated with uterine leiomyoma are irregular and excessive bleeding and anaemia, pelvic discomfort, bowel and bladder dysfunctions, pressure sensation in the lower abdomen and pain during intercourse ( Marsh and Bulun, 2006). Uterine leiomyomas are the most common cause of solid pelvic tumours, found in 20–40% of women during their reproductive years ( Wallach and Vlahos, 2004). ![]() Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids or myomas) are common benign tumours that arise from a single uterine smooth muscle cell ( Wallach and Vlahos, 2004). Uterine leiomyosarcoma usually presents features such as vaginal bleeding (77–95%), pelvic pain (33%), uterine enlargement or a palpable pelvic mass (20–50% Iwamoto et al., 2005). Leiomyosarcomas are rare aggressive malignant uterine smooth muscle tumours occurring mainly in post-menopausal women ( Emoto et al., 1999). Myometrial mass and cellular morphology are also modified in tumour conditions such as leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma ( Matsuo et al., 1999 Walker and Stewart, 2005). During pregnancy, the myometrium mass undergoes changes in cellular phenotype, characterized by an early proliferative phase, an intermediate phase of cellular hypertrophy, and a final contractile/labour phase ( Shynlova et al., 2009). The uterine mass growth during pregnancy represents one of the most remarkable events in reproduction, with a massive increase in both size and number of myometrial smooth muscle cells, to allow the growing fetus to have the necessary support. The myometrium mass undergoes moderate changes during each reproductive cycle ( Burroughs et al., 2000) and dramatic changes throughout pregnancy ( Johansson, 1984 Shynlova et al., 2006) and menopause ( Wu et al., 2000). The myometrium is the muscular wall of the uterus that undergoes significant changes in size and cellular properties in specific physiological and pathological conditions. ![]()
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